A special train brought the required stores to the Second Army railhead within 48 hours of a demand being lodged with the advance base. All this week on Forces TV we are focusing on 'Rebasing' from Germany, as the countdown to drawdown steps up a gear. The second British Army of the Rhine was formed on 25 August 1945 from the British Liberation Army. Expands. [78] The 21st Army Group headquarters also allocated three additional general transport companies to the British Second Army. Three bridges were constructed there, but by the time they opened II Canadian Corps already had its three Canadian divisions across the Rhine. [6] In 1967, the force was reduced in strength to 53,000 soldiers. Mar 1. It did not remove the need from road transport entirely though, and XXX Corps found that the First Canadian Army was unable to provide any additional resources. Moody 2020 provides the first comprehensive study of how the army intellectualized the arrival of nuclear weapons and how they might be employed in a future war. Five days before the operation began, the Navy asked for 40 more, which were provided. The Commander-in-Chief of BAOR also served as the commander of NATO's northern Army Group, and as such had Dutch and German units under command in the event of war. It was therefore agreed that from 1 March onwards, 81,000 tonnes (80,000 long tons) of fuel held in British storage would be transferred to the Americans so that both armies could have thirty days' reserves. The British Army of the Rhine was born in 1945 out of the British Liberation Army at the close of the war as the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. British Forces Germany (BFG) was the generic name for the three services of the British Armed Forces, made up of service personnel, UK Civil Servants, and dependents (family members), based in Germany. Preparations were made to move it to a new site, but this was not required. British Army Of the Rhine Welcome Welcome to BAOR Locations. The Cold War has gotten hot and the 3rd Shock Army is approaching your dugout but how do you differentiate a BTR from a BMP? The BAOR was formerly armed with tactical nuclear weapons. Dorsten Ammunition Depot munitions storage facility. Thank you. At this time the ration strength of the 21st Army Group was around 1.2 million, while that of the Mediterranean theatre was 1.4 million. Sirs, Ladies and Gentlemen,Welcome to the website dedicated to the British Army of the Rhine, its locations, and those areas whilst not strictly within BAOR, thatwere vital to the operation of the theatre. [30], A large force of engineer units was assembled for the operation: 37,000 British and Canadian engineers and pioneers, and 22,000 American engineers. This saved 150 vehicles, from which a seventh company was formed. That day trains also began arriving at No. The tracks of Sherman tanks were equipped with "duck bill" connectors to facilitate advancing across snow and soft ground. The transfer involved 102,415 troops. The object sank after being cut loose during an attempt to recover it, and the swimmer was captured. british army of the rhine bases. Media in category "British Army of the Rhine". British Army of the Rhine - YouTube 0:00 / 58:47 British Army of the Rhine Ichioku 334 subscribers Subscribe 6.6K views 1 year ago BBC Documentary from 2012 (small edit to avoid. [24], The Combined Chiefs further decided to reinforce Eisenhower's armies in North West Europe at the expense of those in the Mediterranean. This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 08:31. [51] There was also demand for covered accommodation in the 3,300 bivouacs, and 21st Army Group headquarters released 343 huts and 1,600 100-pound (45kg) tents from its stocks, which were delivered to the railheads around Mill and 's-Hertogenbosch. Find British Army Of The Rhine stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. This saved on road transport, but at the cost of some degree of flexibility. Individual chapters consider British thinking about tactical nuclear weapons, the evolution of NATO strategy, theories of tactical nuclear warfare, nuclear instruction at the Staff College, operational research and war-gaming, and the development of the armys nuclear warfighting doctrine. Since the First Canadian Army did not hold large stocks at No. As the Soviet threat increased, so BAOR became less of an occupational army and assumed the role of defender of Western Europe, and as a major contributor to NATO after 1949. The 3rd Canadian Division made use of Buffalo tracked amphibious vehicles. It was estimated that each could carry 7,000 vehicles per day under frozen conditions and 4,000 per day during a thaw. The British Liberation Army (BLA) was the official name given to the British Army forces which fought on the Western Front of World War II between the Invasion of Normandy and the end of the war. [32][34], To free up administrative units to support the advance into Germany, it was decided to shorten the line of communications by closing down the RMA in Normandy, where some 300,000 long tons (300,000t) of supplies were still held. Stocking of No. No. The problem had been foreseen, and replacements were available on the ordnance depots. [86] At Rees steel-piled class 40 and class 70 jetty bridges 490 metres (1,600ft) long and known as "Tyne" and "Tees" were built by the 50th GHQ Troops Engineers, and were opened on 23 May. There were doubts as to whether this need could be met, but the situation was eased by the fortuitous arrival of 4,700 tonnes (4,600 long tons) of ammunition that had been pre-loaded on some of the transport that had been allocated by the 21st Army Group. [66][76], At Gennep, the 6th Army Troops Engineers built a 312-metre (1,023ft) class 30 Bailey bridge using the piers and abutments of a demolished railway bridge. The class 12 Bailey bridge, known as "Sussex", took the XII Corps Troops Engineers and the Royal Navy 43 hours to erect. This reduced the pressure on the road network, and also permitted stone for road works to be supplied by rail. Include Description. The link was not copied. There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). It was decanted at Bocholt and transported by rail to No. The base workshops built a prototype trailer that provided more clearance, and the Navy ordered 25 of them. [88][93], Dumbo surpassed its target of 1million imperial gallons (4.5million litres) (about 3,620 tonnes (3,560 long tons)) per day on 15 March 1945, and by 3 April the Dumbo lines were delivering 4,500 long tons (4,600t) a day. [4] Its original function was to control the corps districts which were running the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. The bank control groups controlled all movement from the marshalling areas on the near side of the Rhine to the dispersal areas on the far side. Its commander was the British commander of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). The second class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge, "Sparrow", was built by the 4th GHQ Troops Engineers on 27 March. [45] No. To coordinate troop movements between the First Canadian Army and the British Second Army, a joint office known as "Grouping Control" was established. Almost all BLA units were assigned to the 21st Army Group, which also included forces from other countries. BRITISH ALLIES ARMY RAF. The Oxford History of the British Army. [71] The supplies dropped represented a day's supply of food, fuel and petrol for the two divisions. Check 'British Army of the Rhine' translations into Italian. The Dumbo pipeline was extended from Boulogne to Antwerp in March. [28], The 25th Garrison assumed control of the RMA on 2 April, allowing the 5th Line of Communications Sub Area to take over the western part of North Brabant, and the 101st Beach Sub Area, which became the 21st Line of Communications Sub Area, took over the territory west of the Maas. Apart from the Alpine Training Centre Hubertus Haus in Oberstdorf, which is in Bavaria, British Army Germany is entirely based in North Rhine-Westphalia. Chinese surveillance cameras are being used at British Army bases despite Ministers banning them from Government buildings over fears they pose a major security risk. [89][88] The high use of road transport meant that the Second Army was burning 7,600 tonnes (7,500 long tons) of petrol a day, but the supply of fuel caused no problems. The history of BAOR, then, is not simply a history of an army formation. Their feeding was the responsibility of the German civilian population, but the British Army had to release a large number of NAAFI packs to displaced persons. The first troops sailed from Naples on the troop ship SS Esperance Bay on 22 February, and arrived at Marseilles two days later. The Corps was with the BEF in 1940 and thereafter involved in the defene of the UK. With some assistance from pioneers or civilians, each section could operate a petrol station issuing up to 45,000 litres (10,000impgal) per day. Posted 30 March , 2015. carndook. Only three could be provided by the 21st Army Group: the 5th Line of Communications Sub Area and the 101st Beach Sub Area when released from the RMA, and the 9th Line of Communications Sub Area, when it was no longer required for Operation Goldflake. 166 FMC. 30 hurt in blast at army base. [82][84], It was recognised in the planning of Operation Plunder that the maintenance of the floating bridges over the Rhine would require more engineers than could be spared from the campaign ahead. The British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) was formed at the conclusion of World War II from various units of the British 21st Army Group. . This took another five days. They were respectively augmented by 1,891 and 1,446 anti-aircraft guns and anti-tank guns. 10 Army Roadhead commenced on 13 April, and the first train arrived at No. Two pipelines were laid across the Rhine at Emmerich and were in operation by the end of April. [66] The British rail line of communications now ran from Antwerp to Nijmegen via Roosendaal and Tilburg,[67] where the railway bridge that had opened on 22 December was duplicated by 3 January 1945. Additional supplies of fuel were loaded on DUKWs, which ferried fuel across the river until bridges were opened. It has been an honour to command this fantastic organisation doing its very best to support our people here in Germany. Includes a chapter on the creation of the postmodern regimental system between 1945 and 1970 against the backdrop of postwar austerity and the consequent reorganization and amalgamation of many regiments. It was the largest concentration of British armed forces permanently stationed outside the United Kingdom. The British Army, Manpower, and Society into the Twenty-First Century. [12] Petrol was brought in tankers and over the Operation Pluto pipeline. Both formations had areas of responsibility located around the German section of the River Rhine. Over the next six days it was used by 29,139 vehicles. While most of its units were British or Canadian, there were also contingents from Belgium, the Netherlands, Czechoslovakia and Poland,[1] and the RAF Second Tactical Air Force operating in support also had Australian, French, New Zealand and Norwegian squadrons. A petrol station company was formed from personnel made surplus by the reorganisation with six platoons, each containing three sections. Successive London governments, though often faced with bitter public and military opposition, tasked the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) to serve as a protecting force while strengthening West German integration into the Western defense structure. It drew fuel from Dungeness on the coast of Kent and transported it across the Strait of Dover to a terminal near Boulogne. You can order records in advance to be ready for. Following the war the BLA was redesignated to become the British Army of the Rhine in August . Ron. The British 6th Airborne Division was withdrawn to the UK and re-equipped there, but its seaborne tail had to be re-equipped by the 21st Army Group. ST. Army Gymnastic Staff AH Army Health . During the month, 432 trains delivered 230,000 tonnes (230,000 long tons) to 37 railheads in the British Second Army area. It closed in March 1994. [101] The vast resources brought to bear was in stark contrast with scarcities of the early war years. Home; About. RAF Germany was disbanded as a separate command in 1993 as part of the reduction of British Armed Forces presence in Europe at the cessation of the Cold War. [98] By May the ration strength of the 21st Army Group had risen to 1.711 million. 15 Army Roadhead opened in the Almelo area on 18 April and was stocked by road from No. Due to the proximity of Rees, the VIII Corps Troops Engineers could not work on the "London" class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge until the afternoon of 25 March, and it was opened at 23:00 on 26 March. [47][48] Some 50 miles (80km) of new roads were built, and over 400 miles (640km) of roads were repaired, which required 64,000 tonnes (63,000 long tons). The 21st Army Group asked for four base supply depots (BSDs), six field bakeries, three field butcheries, a cold storage depot and two detail issue depots (DIDs). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. CONTENTS OF EMAILS MAY BE DISPLAYED ON THIS SITE (BUT IN AN ENCRYPTED FORMAT TO DETER SPAMMERS) TO BENEFIT HISTORY. The Royal Navy formed Force U, consisting of three squadrons, each with a flotilla of twelve Landing Craft Medium (LCM), and a flotilla of twelve Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel (LCVP), which were transported by road across Holland and Belgium to participate. By this time a thaw had set in, and the ground was now soft and muddy, restricting off-road vehicle movement. Armata Britannica del Reno la traduzione di "British Army of the Rhine" in italiano. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Damaged vehicles on the east bank of the Rhine were collected at points near the river and transported back on rafts. Nearly 50 engineer companies, together with three road construction companies and 29 pioneer companies, were engaged in road maintenance. [41] Some 600 field and 300 medium guns would support the operation. Exercising troops technical accommodation. The British Army of 19441945 was highly mechanised, which conferred great tactical and strategic manoeuvrability. The armoured divisions also carried a day's worth of AFV ration packs. Both formations had areas of responsibility located around the German section of the River Rhine . 1 Artillery Brigade Cold War.png 888 544; 45 KB. A Mail on Sunday . After an advance which was thoroughly resisted, the British formations, along with the Canadians and Americans advanced into the German counties of Nordrhein-Westfalen, Niedersachsen and Schleswig-Holstein . The former held 200 rounds per gun of medium and 250 rounds per gun of heavy artillery ammunition, while the latter held 200 rounds per gun of medium and 150 rounds per gun of heavy artillery ammunition. Sirs, Ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to the website dedicated to the British Army of the Rhine, its locations, and those areas whilst not strictly within BAOR, that were vital to the operation of the theatre The Site is now approaching three years of age and much has happened in that time. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for 1950s British Army Rhine Royal Artillery Soldiers sergeant officer etc 3.25*2.25 at the best online prices at eBay! French, David. [39][40], The artillery fire plan for Operation Veritable called for the widespread use of "pepperpot tactics". Commanders in Chief. The British Army of the Rhine was born in 1945 out of the British Liberation Army at the close of the war as the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. The position gained along the Roer was then taken over by the US Ninth Army. The army roadheads were mainly supplied by rail. [28][29] The first vehicles to arrive came with only fifty drivers, so a detachment from 141 Vehicle Park was sent to Marseilles from the RMA. On 4 May Montgomery took the surrender of the German forces in front of the 21st Army Group. [77] A 370-metre (1,220ft) class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge was built at Venlo by the 15th GHQ Troops Engineers. Due to changing operational requirements, it was ultimately decided to build only three semi-permanent class 40 bridges, at Xanten, Rees and Arnhem, and two class 70 bridges, at Rees and Arnhem. This freed the 9th Line of Communications Sub Area to participate in Operation Goldflake. [49] In the lead up to Operation Veritable, 446 special trains were run to the First Canadian Army railheads, delivering 349,356 tonnes (343,838 long tons) of supplies, of which around 227,000 tonnes (223,000 long tons) was for Operation Veritable. 13 Army Roadhead. Printer friendly. Engineers soon had bridges over the Rhine in operation, which were then superseded by more permanent road and rail bridges. The troops in the assault units were issued with 24-hour ration packs, together with a Tommy cooker and a tin containing tea, condensed milk and sugar, enabling the troops in the front line to brew a hot cup of tea. Please continue & follow him.pic.twitter.com/TU3GKnZFPU", "British Orders of Battle & TO&Es 1980-1989", "From occupiers and protectors to guests", "Osnabrck picks up the pieces after British withdrawal", "All British army bases in Germany to close by 2019 with 20,000 troops returning to UK", "Farewell to the 1st Westfalen Garrison Commander", "A Queen's birthday reception was held in Germany", "British army hands back last headquarters in Germany", "Defence review ends Iraq-sized ventures", In West Germany: Military Networks Spreading Pop, Secret squad sent in to track down IRA killers, BBC News: Army to scale down Germany troops, BBC News: From occupiers and protectors to guests, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Forces_Germany&oldid=1126727293, This page was last edited on 10 December 2022, at 22:46. [87], Stocking of No. [32][33], A major user of fuel was the Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation (FIDO) system at pinoy, which consumed 410,000 litres (90,000impgal) per night. At the rail stop there were messes and a kitchen that ran 24 hours a day. Contains informative chapters on the precarious position of BAOR during the austerity years of 19461953 and of the contribution made by BAOR to conventional deterrence throughout the Cold War. The great majority of Canadian requirements, including ordnance stores, ammunition, petroleum products, most engineer, medical and dental stores, rations, office machinery and other supplies, were provided through British channels. 1st/4th and 9th battalions of the Seaforths were with the Rhine Army in 1919. Until the railway bridges could be brought into operation, maintenance depended entirely on road transport. The extensive use of the German archives is commendable."--Ian F. W. Beckett, editor of Citizen Soldiers and the British Empire, 1837-1902 "Speiser provides a well-researched, lively account of how, not always successfully, after 1945 the British attempted to use their Rhine Army to win German hearts and minds. Since prompt clearance of the trains was essential to allow turnaround of the locomotives and rolling stock, vehicles had to be used to clear less urgently required supplies such as POL, coal and engineer stores. The British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), which was responsible for the northern portions of the central front in West Germany, had been judged to be capable of holding out for as little as two days. Every available amphibious craft was collected, and they were joined by a Royal Navy contingent of 36 Landing Craft Medium (LCM) and 36 Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel (LCVP) that were transported by road across Holland and Belgium to participate. Road transport accounted for another 29,865 personnel and 23,360 trucks.

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